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P-38 can opener
The P-38, developed in 1942,〔 is a small can opener that was issued in the canned field rations of the United States Armed Forces from World War II to the 1980s. Originally designed for and distributed in the K-ration, it was later included in the C-ration. As of 2013, it is still in production and sold on a worldwide market.
== Design ==
The P-38 is known as a "John Wayne" by the United States Marine Corps, either because of its toughness and dependability,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=P38 Can Opener )〕 or because of an unsubstantiated story that the actor had been shown in an as-yet-unidentified training film opening a can of K-Rations. The can opener is pocket-sized, approximately long, and consists of a short metal blade that serves as a handle, with a small, hinged metal tooth that folds out to pierce the can lid. A notch just under the hinge point keeps the opener hooked around the rim of the can as the device is "walked" around to cut the lid out. A larger version called the P-51 is somewhat easier to operate. The handle portion can also double as a makeshift flat-blade screwdriver, with limited ability because of the rather soft sheet metal used.
Official military designations for the P-38 include "US ARMY POCKET CAN OPENER" and "OPENER, CAN, HAND, FOLDING, TYPE I". As with some other military terms, ''e.g.'', "jeep", the origin of the term is not known with certainty; the ''P-38'' opener coincidentally shares a designation with the Lockheed P-38 Lightning fighter plane, which could allude to its fast performance. The P-51 can opener, while larger and easier to use than the P-38 can opener, ''also'' has a fighter plane namesake in the North American P-51 Mustang. One technical explanation for the origin of the name is that the P-38 is approximately 38 millimetres long. This explanation also holds for the P-51, which measures approximately in length. However, use of the metric system in the US was not widespread at this point, and United States Army sources indicate that the origin of the name is rooted in the 38 punctures around the circumference of a C-ration can required for opening.
P-38s are no longer used for individual rations by the United States Armed Forces, as canned C-rations were replaced by MRE rations in the 1980s, packed in plastic pouches. The larger P-51s are included with United States military "Tray Rations" (canned bulk meals). They are also still seen in disaster recovery efforts and have been handed out alongside canned food by rescue organizations, both in America and abroad in Afghanistan. The original U.S.-contract P-38 can openers were manufactured by J.W. Speaker Corporation (stamped "US Speaker") and by Washburn Corporation (marked "US Androck"); they were later made by Mallin Hardware (now defunct) of Shelby, Ohio and were variously stamped "US Mallin Shelby O." or "U.S. Shelby Co."
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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